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Microstructural and Mechanical Changes in the Weld Metal, Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ), and Fusion Boundary

Aygün Karaköse
in Theory
3 0 Intermediate
Welding is a widely used process in manufacturing, construction, and heavy industry. During welding, the material is exposed to localized high temperatures that significantly affect not only the weld metal but also the surrounding regions. These include the Weld Metal, the Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ), and the Base Metal. Each of these zones undergoes different thermal cycles and consequently exhibits different microstructural transformations, mechanical properties, and residual stresses. Understanding these transformations is crucial for ensuring the integrity and performance of welded components.
heat haz wewlding weldingengineer

How to Calculate Element Percentage in Weld Bead Using Dilution Formula

Aygün Karaköse
in Theory
3 0 Expert
This tutorial explains how to calculate the percentage of a specific alloying element (e.g. C, Mn, Cr, Ni) in a weld bead based on contributions from base metal, filler metal, and other additives. This calculation is critical in welding metallurgy to predict the final chemical composition of the weld and ensure mechanical properties meet standards.
weldingengineer weld

Electrode and Wire Classifications in Arc Welding: A Technical Overview

Aygün Karaköse
in Theory
1 0 Intermediate
arc welding processes such as SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), and MAG (Metal Active Gas), electrodes and wires are classified and coded according to international standards. These designations help welders select the appropriate consumables to ensure weld quality and suitability for specific applications. This article explains common electrode and wire classification systems with representative examples and their meanings.
weldingengineer weld

Welding Procedure Development Workflow According to EN ISO Standards: A Comprehensive Guide

Aygün Karaköse
in Theory
1 0 Expert
Welding procedure development is a critical process to ensure quality, safety, and repeatability in welded fabrications. The workflow is governed by international standards such as EN ISO 15607, 15609, 15614, 15610, and 15608, which set requirements for qualification, documentation, and testing of welding procedures. This article outlines a step-by-step roadmap for welding procedure development, from material verification to final approval, tailored for welding engineers and quality professionals.
weldingengineer welding

A Technical Review on Weld Joint Preparation Designs, Welding Processes, and Welding Positions

Aygün Karaköse
in Theory
0 0 Intermediate
Welding is an indispensable joining method in modern manufacturing and construction. The quality of a welded joint is influenced not only by the welder’s skill but also by the proper selection of the welding process, welding position, and most critically, the weld joint preparation. The geometry of the joint preparation directly affects the penetration depth, heat distribution, weld metal behavior, and the presence of welding defects. This paper presents a technical review of weld joint designs, welding process classifications, and welding positions in accordance with EN ISO 9692 series, EN ISO 4063, and EN ISO 6947 standards.
weldingengineer weld

🔧 Arc Transfer Modes in MIG Welding: Short Arc, Spray Arc, and Globular Transfer

Aygün Karaköse
in Theory
0 0 Expert
MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding has become one of the most widely used welding processes in modern industry due to its high efficiency, automation capability, and compatibility with various materials. However, the type of arc transfer used in MIG welding plays a critical role in welding performance and quality. In this article, we explore the three main arc transfer modes in MIG welding: Short Arc, Spray Arc, and Globular Transfer — each with its own advantages and limitations. 🎯
mig weld weldingengineer
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