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Aygün Karaköse
Mechanical / Welding / CAD Engineer / QA / QC | Certified SolidWorks Expert
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📘 Overview of ASME Y14 Series Drawing Standards
Aygün Karaköse
in
Theory
13
0
Expert
The ASME Y14 series provides a unified set of standards for technical drawings used in engineering and manufacturing. These standards ensure consistency, clarity, and accuracy from design to production. Below is a summary of the most essential ASME Y14 standards every engineer and CAD designer should know:
technical drawing standards
gdt
geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
asme y145
Understanding MMC and LMC in ASME Y14.5: A Detailed Guide
Aygün Karaköse
in
Theory
7
0
Expert
In geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T), MMC (Maximum Material Condition) and LMC (Least Material Condition) are fundamental concepts that help ensure proper part fit and function during manufacturing and assembly. These concepts link the physical size of a feature with its allowable geometric tolerance, enabling more flexible yet controlled manufacturing.
geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
technical drawing standards
engineering design
gdt
asme y145
How to Calculate Element Percentage in Weld Bead Using Dilution Formula
Aygün Karaköse
in
Theory
3
0
Expert
This tutorial explains how to calculate the percentage of a specific alloying element (e.g. C, Mn, Cr, Ni) in a weld bead based on contributions from base metal, filler metal, and other additives. This calculation is critical in welding metallurgy to predict the final chemical composition of the weld and ensure mechanical properties meet standards.
weldingengineer
weld
Microstructural and Mechanical Changes in the Weld Metal, Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ), and Fusion Boundary
Aygün Karaköse
in
Theory
3
0
Intermediate
Welding is a widely used process in manufacturing, construction, and heavy industry. During welding, the material is exposed to localized high temperatures that significantly affect not only the weld metal but also the surrounding regions. These include the Weld Metal, the Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ), and the Base Metal. Each of these zones undergoes different thermal cycles and consequently exhibits different microstructural transformations, mechanical properties, and residual stresses. Understanding these transformations is crucial for ensuring the integrity and performance of welded components.
heat
haz
wewlding
weldingengineer
ASME Y14.5 2018 – Key Terms and Definitions Explained
Aygün Karaköse
in
Theory
2
0
Expert
The ASME Y14.5-2018 standard is one of the most comprehensive and widely used guides for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) in engineering drawings. It provides standardized definitions and symbols to ensure clarity and consistency in design, manufacturing, and inspection processes. This article summarizes and explains the key terms and concepts from the standard to help engineers, designers, and technical professionals better understand and apply GD&T principles effectively.
gdt
geometric dimensioning and tolerancing
asme y145
Welding Procedure Development Workflow According to EN ISO Standards: A Comprehensive Guide
Aygün Karaköse
in
Theory
1
0
Expert
Welding procedure development is a critical process to ensure quality, safety, and repeatability in welded fabrications. The workflow is governed by international standards such as EN ISO 15607, 15609, 15614, 15610, and 15608, which set requirements for qualification, documentation, and testing of welding procedures. This article outlines a step-by-step roadmap for welding procedure development, from material verification to final approval, tailored for welding engineers and quality professionals.
weldingengineer
welding
🛢️ Design Standards for Tank Terminals
Aygün Karaköse
in
Standards
1
0
Expert
Tank terminals are critical facilities for the storage and distribution of oil, chemicals, gas, and other liquids. To ensure safety, efficiency, and reliability, international design standards must be applied during engineering and construction. Below is a structured overview of the most widely used tank design standards, organized step by step:
asme viii
api 650
api 620
piping design
tank terminal
tank design
Electrode and Wire Classifications in Arc Welding: A Technical Overview
Aygün Karaköse
in
Theory
1
0
Intermediate
arc welding processes such as SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), and MAG (Metal Active Gas), electrodes and wires are classified and coded according to international standards. These designations help welders select the appropriate consumables to ensure weld quality and suitability for specific applications. This article explains common electrode and wire classification systems with representative examples and their meanings.
weldingengineer
weld
Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) and Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) Process Roadmap and Planning Overview
Aygün Karaköse
in
Standards
1
0
Expert
Welding is a critical manufacturing process used to join two or more metal parts by applying heat and/or pressure. The quality, strength, and integrity of welded joints are vital for the safety and performance of structures, pressure vessels, pipelines, and machinery. To ensure consistent and reliable welds, the welding process must be clearly defined, controlled, and validated through standardized documentation. Two essential documents play a central role in welding quality control and certification: the Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) and the Procedure Qualification Record (PQR).
pqr
wps
standarts
engineer
welding
🔩 Block Segregation and Terrace Fracture in Welded Joints: The Hidden Dangers Introduction
Aygün Karaköse
in
Theory
0
0
Intermediate
A weld seam isn’t just a shiny metallic line on the surface. Beneath it lies a world of microstructures and processes that shape the fate of the material. In welding engineering, some invisible phenomena can lead to very visible problems. In this article, we will explore two often-overlooked yet critical concepts: block segregation and terrace fracture.
weld
weldigengineer
welding
A Technical Review on Weld Joint Preparation Designs, Welding Processes, and Welding Positions
Aygün Karaköse
in
Theory
0
0
Intermediate
Welding is an indispensable joining method in modern manufacturing and construction. The quality of a welded joint is influenced not only by the welder’s skill but also by the proper selection of the welding process, welding position, and most critically, the weld joint preparation. The geometry of the joint preparation directly affects the penetration depth, heat distribution, weld metal behavior, and the presence of welding defects. This paper presents a technical review of weld joint designs, welding process classifications, and welding positions in accordance with EN ISO 9692 series, EN ISO 4063, and EN ISO 6947 standards.
weldingengineer
weld
Weld Spacing: Minimum Distance Between Welds According to Standards (ASME & API)
Aygün Karaköse
in
Standards
0
2
Expert
In welding design, the minimum distance between welds is a crucial parameter affecting the integrity, inspectability, and performance of welded structures. Improper spacing can lead to: Overlapping Heat Affected Zones (HAZ), Increased residual stress, Cracking or failure under pressure or cyclic loading. This tutorial will guide you through standard-based minimum weld spacing requirements and provide general rules applicable in piping, pressure vessels, and tank structures.
engineer
welding
weld
The Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram and Its Significance
Aygün Karaköse
in
Theory
0
0
Beginner
The iron-carbon (Fe-C) phase diagram is one of the most fundamental metallurgical diagrams, illustrating the phase transformations, microstructures, and thermodynamic equilibria of iron and carbon alloys at various compositions. It is indispensable for understanding the behavior of steel and cast iron, which are among the most widely used materials in industry.
metallurgy
fe-c diagram
iron-carbon phase diagram
🔧 Arc Transfer Modes in MIG Welding: Short Arc, Spray Arc, and Globular Transfer
Aygün Karaköse
in
Theory
0
0
Expert
MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding has become one of the most widely used welding processes in modern industry due to its high efficiency, automation capability, and compatibility with various materials. However, the type of arc transfer used in MIG welding plays a critical role in welding performance and quality. In this article, we explore the three main arc transfer modes in MIG welding: Short Arc, Spray Arc, and Globular Transfer — each with its own advantages and limitations. 🎯
mig
weld
weldingengineer
Understanding Root Opening (Gap Distance) in Butt Welds – A Standards-Based Tutorial (ASME & ISO)
Aygün Karaköse
in
Standards
0
0
Expert
In welding, especially butt welds, the "gap" or root opening is a critical factor that directly affects weld penetration, quality, and strength. This tutorial explains what root opening is, why it matters, how it varies by material thickness and process, and what international standards like ASME Section IX and ISO 9692-1 say about it.
weld
engineer
welding
